The PowerMAG series is designed for the specific needs of your TMS research. The novel interfacing technology creates a whole new experience with numerous possibilities in combining TMS with other methods.
The hardware solutions implemented in the PowerMAG EEG* allow the stimulator to be phase synchronized with other devices such as MRI.
Its pulses are short and stable hence ensuring reproducibility.
TMS (Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation) is a technique where neuronal activity can be influenced by non-invasively stimulating the cortex through the intact skull bone. The stimulation is caused by short magnetic pulses that induce a current flow in cortical brain areas. Thus brain activity may be triggered or modulated without surgery or externally applied electrodes. TMS is a non-invasive method with several benefits:
Depending on the stimulation protocol, neuronal functionalities can be inhibited or facilitated for a defined period of time. In addition, repetitive TMS, also known as rTMS, may produce longer-lasting effects.
Overactive or underactive areas of the brain can be observed and then focally modulated with TMS e.g. using functional imaging, such as fMRI and PeT. This makes TMS an excellent therapeutic treatment option for psychiatric and neurological disorders. Furthermore, TMS also contributes to research in neuroscience by demonstrating the involvement of brain regions in various cognitive tasks or mental processes.
The use of TMS in research requires an individual and precise positioning of the TMS coil at the selected brain region. MR-based neuro-navigation systems can visualize the electromagnetic hot-spot of the coil in real-time at an individual, anatomical MR-data record. This enables the user to stimulate the target with great precision and makes reproducibility of the TMS set-up much easier.
Additionally navigated TMS allows the researcher to protocol and map his or her work for studies and papers. color coded fMRI data showing active regions of the brain is another helpful tool to find the right target areas.
Wireless IR-tracking system with great accuracy and high resolution. Integrated navigation points on the stimulation coils. Ability to integrate (future) coil geometries.
Implementation of intelligent algorithms (fully automated brain segmentation, surface reconstruction, "brain peeling").
dIcOM capable. Proprietary data formats for most of the current MR scanner manufacturers
Store and recall stimulation points and coil positions in 6d. Record eeG electrode positions.
Interfaces to Brainvoyager for importing and overlaying functional data onto the anatomical reconstruction of the brain. Import of structural and functional MRT analysis (fMRI, dTI, eeG/MeG).
full external controllability
accuracy
precise timing
reproducibility
usability
Integrated navigation points
integration
various protocols
Clinical TMS research is conducted to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of TMS by investigating its effects on human beings. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation is a great way to selectively modulate targeted areas of the brain (facilitating or inhibiting) in order to treat neurological and psychiatric diseases. In contrast to pharmaceuticals, TMS is a non-systemic way of treatment which means that TMS does not circulate in the blood stream throughout the body and does not have body wide systemic side effects.
By delivering its therapeutic effects directly to the brain this non-invasive and almost side-effect free technique appears to have a great future in treatment of various neurological and psychiatric indications.
Fustomize the TMS equipment to fit your needs. Free configurable stimulation protocols capable of advanced TMS protocols such as Theta-Burst or Quattro-Burst
Upgradable technology in order to follow future TMS developments.
Wireless IR-tracking system with great accuracy and high resolution. Integrated navigation points on the stimulation coils. Ability to integrate (future) coil geometries.
Store and recall stimulation points and coil positions in 6d. Record eeG electrode positions.
full external controllability
safety borders
precise timing
reproducibility
usability
Integrated navigation points
integration
various protocols
Using TMS in conjunction with other techniques allows for a more complete understanding of the human brain. TMS can be combined with various neuroimaging and neurophysiological technologies as EEGG, MEG, EMG, PET, FMRI, NIRS or DTI. The combination of TMS with other techniques can show neuronal interactions and connectivity between different brain areas
Because TMS cannot directly reach subcortical structures, combining TMS with neuroimaging methods can bring additional insights into the modulation of deeper brain structures which are indirectly induced by TMS
Patented safety concept with safety restrictions on stimulation intensities and frequencies. Integrated, independent safety channels and pneumatic safety switches.
Free control of stimulation parameters (USB, analogue & digital interface, triggers in/out).
Emitting TMS pulses with high pulse precision and stable timing.
Stable output power through all stimulation patterns (single-pulse, rTMS, Trains, Theta-burst, QPS).
extremely high standards in the design and production with our quality seal “Made in Germany”. Advanced recharging technology to avoid disturbing e.g. the eeG signal and allow high frequency TMS. Special signal shielding.
full external controllability
safety borders
precise timing
reproducibility
electrical shielding
integrated navigation points
integration
various protocols
Multi-side TMS describes the use of multiple independently controlled stimulation coils which all are stimulating one subject. It is used for the investigation of functional connectivity within complex interconnected networks. By varying the timing and location of each coil, the temporal and spatial relationships between brain regions can be investigated. The operator can e.g. stimulate multiple locations with or without time delay between the stimulation pulses .
It is for instance possible to suppress one hemisphere while activatingthe other stimulation side.
Another approach is to combine a “virtual lesion” which is evoked by applying rTMS on one or more brain area(s) and using single-pulse stimulation on another area. Up to 4 selected brain regions can be stimulated with different patterns and intensities at the same time while using highly focal coils.
Patented safety concept with safety restrictions on stimulation intensities and frequencies. Set and control the stimulation parameters freely through different options (USB, analogue & digital interface, triggers in/out, front panel).
variety of stimulation coils – different sizes and housings. Application-oriented coil geometries for specific applications
Extraordinary temporal and spatial resolution through continuous development.
decentral mini-coils enable the stimulation of areas that are only 2-3cm apart.
full external controllability
decentral mini-coils
precise timing
integrated navigation points
online eeg feasible
half and full wave
current direction invertible
various protocols
event-related TMS depicts the combination of TMS together with a specific, cognitive task. examples are stimulating the visual cortex while the subject is shown pictures, or stimulating Broca’s area while asking the subject to talk. As TMS is very focal and hence only influences very specific brain regions it is a very instrumental technique towards studying the brain’s interconnections and functionalities while performing cognitive tasks.
For event-related TMS, the temporal relationship between a task with a reliable timing of the stimulation is crucial. The spatial resolution which is determined by the coil geometry is a second important factor which has to be considered.
For event-related TMS, the temporal relationship between a task with a reliable timing of the stimulation is crucial. The spatial resolution which is determined by the coil geometry is a second important factor which has to be considered.
Trigger in/out must be without jitter to ensure a proper, reproducible experiments.
different geometries and sizes must be available. customized coil development for innovative ideas.
various interfaces to easily connect to devices which record veP, AeP, MeP and other electrophysiological parameters. different possibilities to control the stimulator with existing equipment.
Advanced shielding avoid interferences by mains noise and the stimulation pulse.
Integration into MR-based neuronavigation systems.
full external controllability
various coils
precise timing
integrated navigation points
electrical shielding
integration
half and full wave
high speed stimulation
Experimental brain research can benefit enormously from pain-free and non-invasive stimulation options. As such, TMS can induce a temporary functional disturbance in a focal area of the cortex. This lesional effect can be characterized by psychophysical measurements and lead to important conclusions about the functional relevance of the stimulated area of the cortex.
The high temporal resolution of electroencephalography (eeG) permits the direct derivation of brain activity triggered by TMS. In addition to the performance of TMS and eeG at separate times (offline method), the simultaneous use of TMS and eeG (online method) can provide an especially unique opportunity to investigate corticocortical connections.
Advanced shielding of stimulator to avoid interferences.
Trigger in/out must be without jitter
various possibilities to control the stimulation with existing equipment
Possibility to upgrade stimulation hard- and software in order to follow future TMS developments.
full external controllability
integrated navigation points
precise timing
no mains noise
short pulse lenght
half and full wave
current direction invertible
high frequency TMS
A hot topic in today’s brain research is state-depending modulation of brain networks in real time by applying personalized TMS patterns. This real-time application allows you to investigate cortical excitability and induction of long lasting plasticity in network pathways with respect to the "right" timing with the "right" TMS stimuli
Synchronizing the timing of the individual stimulation patters with the actual state parameters is technically challenging. For following the dynamics in different brain states an online streaming eeG data acquisition equipment and a real-time capable TMS device is essential.
Jitter free stimulation equipment. Online streaming eeG data acquisition equipment.
Shielded stimulator technology to avoid disturbances by mains noise.
Free control of stimulator with existing equipment.
Upgradable technology in order to follow future TMS developments.
full external controllability
various coils
precise timing
electrical shielding
integrated navigation points
integration
half and full wave
high speed TMS
This innovative, new patterned repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation protocol called quadri-pulse stimulation (QPS) can generate a broad range of motor cortical plasticity ranging from MeP suppression to MeP facilitation. In addition to evoking lasting cortical plasticity changes, QPS can also be used to evaluate priming effects: when used as a priming stimulation, which does not induce an LTP- or LTd-like phenomena itself, it can nevertheless change the threshold for LTP- or LTd-like plasticity caused by consecutive stimulations. Said effects enable the examination of metaplasticity theories in more details in humans. Other more clinical applications of QPS are being researched towards inducing symptomatic relief in patients with neurological or psychiatric disorders, such as Parkinson‘s disease, depression, or intractable pain
Our new technology platform enables for the first the combination of ultra-fast QPS and online TMS-eeG in one sinlge device.
Biphasic QPS pulses for minimization of stimulation artifact. Advanced shielding of stimulator and to avoid interferences by mains noise.
All-in-one stimulation equipment enables QPS, TBS and rTMS in one device.
various possibilities to control the stimulation with existing equipment.
safety borders
optimized coil design
precise timing
customization
no mains noise
integration
high frequency TMS
Translational and basic research are the major areas of TMS applications in animals. The use of animals has advantages in terms of subject homogeneity, disease models and available histology. Focuses such as TMS safety, neuronal connectivity, synaptic plasticity and cortical organization all have strong translational relevance.
Rats, mice, dogs, cats, rabbits and horses are the most commonly used animals for research with TMS. Stimulating small animals with TMS, sometimes even in conjunction with EEG, is challenging because of the animal’s size. This requires specific equipment, such as small dedicated TMS-coils with very focused magnetic fields.
decentral mini-coils enable a very focal stimulation in rodents. Large range of stimulation coils – different sizes and housings. Application-oriented coil geometries for specific animals.
customization of the setup – from cable length to coil mountings. Free control of the stimulator. different stimulation parameters (pulse direction, pulse shape, protocols).
Avoiding electrical disturbances and induction with special shielding. Integrated safety concepts for safe operation in various combinations. High frequency multimodal-TMS enabled with advanced recharging technology
Integration into MR-based neuronavigation systems.
full external controllability
various coils
precise timing
customization
online eeg feasible
half and full wave
current direction invertible
various protocols
Robotic TMS is a highly advanced technique and a unique tool to assure stimulation quality in terms of precision. The combination of a robot, MR-based neuronavigation and focal stimulation makes it is possible to reproduce multiple sessions or ensure identical setups in e.g. multi-center studies.
Modern TMS robots are able to safely readjust to the subject’s head movement and ensure contact between the TMS coil and the subject’s head. Image guided TMS sessions can be planned in advance for fully automatic executions.
In addition to holding the stimulation coil reliably and accurately for target points, TMS robots are also capable of moving along pre-defined paths on the subjects head. With this functionality it is possible to stimulate larger target areas with a focal stimulation coil.
Real time force control of the robotic arm. TMS safety concept with safety restrictions on stimulation intensities and frequencies. dedicated workspace and limitation of the robotic arm’s movement range.
computer controlled coil positioning with multiple sensors store and recall individually set target points.
Integration of wireless real-time tracking systems. TMS stimulator capable of running advanced protocols.
dedicated lightweight robotic coils with long and highly flexible cables
full external controllability
various coils
precise timing
customization
integration
half and full wave
safety borders
high frequency TMS
Full power output (100% intensity) up to 15Hz with all stimulators
No decreasing of pulse power during stimulation with stable pulse amplitudes and width
Full external controllability with analogue, digital and trigger interfaces
Freely setting every single pulse possible (shape, orientation, intensity, timing)
High speed sync out interface
Continuous EEGs can be recorded online without any power line noise or recharging artifacts (not for LAB series)
Usable with all MAG&More Coils
The precision regulation of the PowerMAG power electronics permits the reproducible and exact intensity of pulses with 0.5% steps.
The optimum duration of the stimulus is between 100 and 160 µs (due to the polarization of myelinated axons according to Lapicque's law of stimulus). PowerMAG stimulators are optimized in terms of pulse duration. For example, the pulse length of the half-wave is only 80 µs, and that of the full wave is only 160 µs. The short pulse length permits nerve stimulation using 20-40% less energy.
A decisive factor is to optimize the current/time characteristic of the magnetic pulse. During monophasic pulses, all the stored energy is released during the stimulation pulse. The biphasic pulses work with energy restoration: about 80% of the pulse energy is returned to the energy source.
All pulses are always applied with the set intensity (no decrease of intensity during stimulation), no matter if single pulses are applied or pulse trains.
STIMULATORS | PowerMAG LAB 30* | PowerMAG LAB 100* | PowerMAG EEG 30* | PowerMAG EEG 100* | PowerMAG EEG ppTMS* | PowerMAG QPS* |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristic | Basic Research | Basic Research with TBS | EEG Research | Advanced real-time EEG | All in one | qTBS stimulation |
Max Stimulation frequency (Hz) | 30 | 100 | 30 | 100 | 100 | 100 (666 in bursts) |
Waveforms | half/full | half/full | half/full | half/full | full | full |
rTMS | ||||||
TBS | ||||||
Short interval ppTMS | ||||||
QPS | ||||||
Coil current invertable | ||||||
Trigger in/out | ||||||
EEG compatible | ||||||
EMG compatible | ||||||
Analog/digital control |
The PowerMAG series is designed and developed to ensure that you can integrate and control it to your preference in experimental setups.
You can set general parameters such as the intensity, frequency, train length, pulse type and pulse polarity directly in the front panel mode. This mode also allows you to manually emit pulses as previously set up. Recommended for motor threshold hunting and stand-alone, unpatterned TMS applications.
Jitter-free triggering is essential for real-time applications. Our stimulators are equipped with trigger-in and trigger-out BNC connections that allow you to e.g. trigger pulses using the intensity set in front panel and feed the trigger-out TTL signal to external equipment. Example: Triggering the stimulator through Matlab and a parallel port.
Our analogue connection via Control Splitter Box allows the user to set triggers, stimulus intensity and stimulus shape directly through analogue (0-5 V) signals. The advantages of this interface are numerous. Analogue signals are fast, and you have full flexibility over each individual pulse.
The PC-Interface allows you to set up a serial connection between your computer's USB port and the stimulator. Additionally, our serial command library allows you to easily set, start and stop protocol from e.g. Matlab, Python, Signal, or any other program that works with serial connections.
KK Sundby, S Jana, AR Aron - 2021.
Double-blind disruption of right inferior frontal cortex with TMS reduces right frontal beta power for action stopping.
TA Jarczok, F Roebruck, L Pokorny… - 2021.
Single pulse TMS to the temporo-occipital and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex evokes lateralized long latency EEG responses at the stimulation site.
VN Frey, A Thomschewski, PB Langthaler, AB Kunz… - 2021.
Connectivity Analysis during Rubber Hand Illusion—A Pilot TMS-EEG Study in a Patient with SCI.
A Castiglione, AR Aron - 2021.
Unwanted Memory Intrusions Recruit Broad Motor Suppression.
J Jargow, K Zwosta, FM Korb, H Ruge… - 2021.
Low-Frequency TMS Results in Condition-Related Dynamic Activation Changes of Stimulated and Contralateral Inferior Parietal Lobule.
N Yeh, JD Payne, SY Kim, EA Kensinger… - 2021.
Medial prefrontal cortex has a causal role in selectively enhanced consolidation of emotional memories after a 24-hour delay: A TBS study.
HA Velioglu, L Hanoglu, Z Bayraktaroglu… - 2021.
Left lateral parietal rTMS improves cognition and modulates resting brain connectivity in patients with Alzheimer's disease: Possible role of BDNF and oxidative stress.
CM Eick, GG Ambrus, G Kovács - 2021.
Inhibition of the occipital face area modulates the electrophysiological signals of face familiarity: A combined cTBS-EEG study.
MA Salehinejad, M Wischnewski, E Ghanavati… - 2021.
Cognitive functions and underlying parameters of human brain physiology are associated with chronotype.
B Glinski - 2021.
Effects of different inhibitory non-invasive brain stimulation protocols on performance in a motor sequence learning task.
MA Salehinejad, E Ghanavati, J Reinders, J Hengstler… - 2021.
Sleep-dependent upscaled excitability and saturated neuroplasticity in the human brain: From brain physiology to cognition.
L Melo, M Mosayebi-Samani… - 2021.
Dosage-dependent impact of acute serotonin enhancement on transcranial direct current stimulation effects.
L Farnad, E Ghasemian-Shirvan, M Mosayebi-Samani… - 2021.
Exploring and optimizing the neuroplastic effects of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation over the primary motor cortex of older humans.
MM Samani - 2021.
Optimizing the Neuroplastic Effects of Cathodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Over the Primary Motor Cortex and Transferability to Prefrontal Cortex.
KF Kuhn, JJ Grunow, P Leimer, M Lorenz, D Berger… - 2021.
Assessment of magnetic flux density properties of electromagnetic noninvasive phrenic nerve stimulations for environmental safety in an ICU environment.
C Eick - 2021.
The role of occipital temporal cortex in the formation of face familiarity and identity.
L Hanoğlu, M Saricaoglu, G Toprak, NH Yılmaz… - 2020.
Preliminary findings on the role of high-frequency (5Hz) rTMS stimulation on M1 and pre-SMA regions in Parkinson's disease.
N Farnes, BE Juel, AS Nilsen, LG Romundstad… - 2020.
Increased signal diversity/complexity of spontaneous EEG, but not evoked EEG responses, in ketamine-induced psychedelic state in humans.
M Mosayebi-Samani, L Melo, D Agboada… - 2020.
Ca2+ channel dynamics explain the nonlinear neuroplasticity induction by cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation over the primary motor cortex.
M Mosayebi Samani, D Agboada… - 2020.
Probing the relevance of repeated cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation over the primary motor cortex for prolongation of after‐effects.
R Hannah, V Muralidharan, KK Sundby, AR Aron - 2020.
Temporally-precise disruption of prefrontal cortex informed by the timing of beta bursts impairs human action-stopping.
GG Ambrus, T Vékony, K Janacsek… - 2020.
When less is more: Enhanced statistical learning of non-adjacent dependencies after disruption of bilateral DLPFC.
VN Frey, K Butz, G Zimmermann, A Kunz, Y Höller… - 2020.
Research Article Effects of Rubber Hand Illusion and Excitatory Theta Burst Stimulation on Tactile Sensation: A Pilot Study.
VN Frey, K Butz, G Zimmermann, A Kunz, Y Höller… - 2020.
Effects of rubber hand illusion and excitatory theta burst stimulation on tactile sensation: a pilot study.
CM Eick, G Kovács, SM Rostalski, L Röhrig… - 2020.
The occipital face area is causally involved in identity-related visual-semantic associations.
S Jana, R Hannah, V Muralidharan, AR Aron - 2020.
Temporal cascade of frontal, motor and muscle processes underlying human action-stopping.
E Ruiu, R Dubbioso, KH Madsen, O Svolgaard… - 2020.
Probing Context-Dependent Modulations of Ipsilateral Premotor-Motor Connectivity in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis.
CM Eick, GG Ambrus, G Kovács - 2020.
Inhibition of the occipital face area modulates the electrophysiological signals of face familiarity positively: a combined cTBS-EEG study.
JP Bembenek, K Kurczych, B Kłysz, A Cudna… - 2020.
Prediction of Recovery and Outcome Using Motor Evoked Potentials and Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Subacute Stroke.
MI Stefanou, D Galevska, C Zrenner, U Ziemann… - 2020.
Interhemispheric symmetry of µ-rhythm phase-dependency of corticospinal excitability.
C Zrenner, D Galevska, JO Nieminen, D Baur… - 2020.
The shaky ground truth of real-time phase estimation.
S Lorenz, B Alex, T Kammer - 2020.
Ten minutes of transcranial static magnetic field stimulation does not reliably modulate motor cortex excitability.
KYD Miu, C Kok, SS Leung, EYL Chan… - 2020.
Comparison of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Upper Limb Recovery Among Patients With ….
H Xie, Y Chen, Y Lin, X Hu, D Zhang - 2020.
Can't forget: disruption of the right prefrontal cortex impairs voluntary forgetting in a recognition test.
E Ghasemian-Shirvan, L Farnad, M Mosayebi-Samani… - 2020.
Age-related differences of motor cortex plasticity in adults: a transcranial direct current stimulation study.
S Bulteau, A Laurin, C Volteau, C Dert… - 2020.
Cost-utility analysis of curative and maintenance repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for treatment-resistant unipolar depression: a randomized ….
T Sokolowski - 2020.
Device for repetitive nerve stimulation in order to break down fat tissue means of inductive magnetic fields.
GG Ambrus, C Amado, L Krohn, G Kovács - 2019.
TMS of the occipital face area modulates cross-domain identity priming.
V Conde, L Tomasevic, I Akopian, K Stanek… - 2019.
The non-transcranial TMS-evoked potential is an inherent source of ambiguity in TMS-EEG studies.
B Berger, B Griesmayr, T Minarik, AL Biel… - 2019.
Dynamic regulation of interregional cortical communication by slow brain oscillations during working memory.
DS Marigold, K Lajoie, T Heed - 2019.
No effect of triple-pulse TMS medial to intraparietal sulcus on online correction for target perturbations during goal-directed hand and foot reaches.
N Farnes, BE Juel, AS Nilsen, LG Romundstad… - 2019.
Increased signal diversity/complexity of spontaneous EEG in humans given sub-anaesthetic doses of ketamine.
ST Hansen, A Hemakom, M Gylling Safeldt… - 2019.
Unmixing oscillatory brain activity by EEG source localization and empirical mode decomposition.
MM Samani, D Agboada, A Jamil, MF Kuo, MA Nitsche - 2019.
Titrating the neuroplastic effects of cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the primary motor cortex.
S Mai, J Braun, V Probst, T Kammer, O Pollatos - 2019.
Changes in emotional processing following interoceptive network stimulation with rTMS.
Á Foerster, F Yavari, L Farnad, A Jamil, W Paulus… - 2019.
Effects of electrode angle-orientation on the impact of transcranial direct current stimulation on motor cortex excitability.
E Bröcker, L Van den Heuvel… - 2019.
Accelerated theta-burst repetive transcranial magnetic stimulation for depression in South Africa.
AS Nilsen, BE Juel, JF Storm - 2019.
Measures of states of consciousness during attentional and cognitive load.
J Antczak, J Pera, M Dąbroś, W Koźmiński… - 2019.
The effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on motor symptoms in hereditary spastic paraplegia.
BJ Smith, RA Miller, AC Ericsson… - 2019.
Changes in the gut microbiome and fermentation products concurrent with enhanced longevity in acarbose-treated mice.
S Singhai - 2019.
Effect of Adjunctive Quadri–Pulse Stimulation to Left Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex on Symptoms of Schizophrenia-A Randomized Sham Controlled Study.
E Denby - 2019.
Vestibular Influences on Neuropsychological Outcomes in UK Military Veterans with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.
L Meteyard, NP Holmes - 2018.
TMS SMART–scalp mapping of annoyance ratings and twitches caused by transcranial magnetic stimulation.
T Husselbury - 2018.
The factors influencing TMS mapping.
LFM Brich, C Bächle, J Hermsdörfer… - 2018.
Real-Time Prediction of Observed Action Requires Integrity of the Dorsal Premotor Cortex: Evidence From Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation.
LP Kate - 2018.
The use of TBS to investigate the involvement of SMAproper and preSMA in a motor-sequencing task.
T Arnold - 2018.
TMS induzierte virtuelle Läsionen im Frontal-und Parietallappen und deren Effekte auf selektive Aufmerksamkeit und Arbeitsgedächtnisspeicherung.
AT Reader, BP Royce, JE Marsh… - 2018.
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation reveals a role for the left inferior parietal lobule in matching observed kinematics during imitation.
L Wittkuhn, B Eppinger, LM Bartsch, F Thurm, FM Korb… - 2018.
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over dorsolateral prefrontal cortex modulates value-based learning during sequential decision-making.
JH Chae - 2018.
Therapeutic application of transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation in depression.
MF Gutierrez-Herrera - 2018.
Neuroanatomy and rehabilitation of the directional motor deficits associated with unilateral neglect.
Items marked with* are investigational devices and for research use only. CAUTION - Investigational Device. Limited by Federal (or United States) law to investigational use.